Commons:Écraser les fichiers existants
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Cette page fait partie des recommandations de Commons.
Elle illustre des standards ou des comportements que la plupart des contributeurs approuvent dans leur principes et qu’ils suivent généralement. N’hésitez pas à mettre à jour la page si nécessaire, mais veuillez utiliser la page de discussion pour proposer des modifications importantes. |
Cette politique concerne quand et comment les utilisateurs doivent ou non Écraser les fichiers existants.[1] Ces directives sont nécessaires car les fichiers utilisés dans les projets wikimedia et par des projets externes alimentés par du contenu Commons doivent reposer sur des versions raisonnablement stables. En conséquence, la règle de base est que des fichiers existants ne doivent pas être écrasés par des fichiers ayant un contenu différent mais qu'ils peuvent l'être si la nouvelle version apporte des améliorations mineures (voir les exceptions à cette règle ci-dessous). En cas de doute et pour éviter les conflits d'usage, charger le fichier en tant que nouveau fichier.
Remarque : la licence ne peut être modifiée. Importer un fichier avec une licence différente ne peut être fait qu'en important de nouveau le fichier.
= Écraser les fichiers existants
= Importer comme un nouveau fichier
- Résumé
- Améliorations mineures
- Excepté si un projet Wikimedia utilise ce fichier de telle sorte qu’il requière que le fichier ne change pas.
- À l’exception des restaurations numériques
- Changements importants ou fichiers sans rapport
- Changements importants
- Fichiers différents sur le même sujet
- Fichiers différents sur exactement le même objet (bâtiment, statue, etc.)
- Changements qui reflètent des données différentes (.p.e. mise à jour d'une carte), ou le fichier n'a pas été signalé comme mise à jour possible
- Un fichier peut être remplacé par la personne qui l'a importé peu de temps après l'import initial et à condition qu'il n'ait pas été modifié entre-temps
- Une image secondaire peut être remplacée peu de temps après l'import initial par la personne qui l'a importée
- Des fichiers signalés comme pouvant être mis à jour, (par exemple en utilisant le modèle {{current}}) peuvent être modifiés le cas échéant
- Changements controversés ou contestés
- ? consultez d'abord le créateur de l'image ou la personne l'ayant importée initialement dans la mesure où ils sont probablement les plus à même de corriger des problèmes
- ? faites attention avec les fichiers qui ont reçu une distinction comme les Images Remarquables de Commons
A défaut de l’écrasement d'un fichier existant, les changements doivent être importés sous un nom différent (idéalement avec un nom similaire à l'original), et un lien doit être ajouté dans la page de description vers le fichier original et donner le crédit à l'auteur original.
Contents
Vous POUVEZ écraser le fichier original
Changements mineurs
En règle générale, n'utilisez le lien "Importer une nouvelle version de ce fichier" que pour des améliorations relativement mineures. Voici quelques exemples :
- remplacement par une version du même fichier possédant une meilleure résolution
- petites corrections colorimétriques, réduction de bruit, corrections de perspective, etc., non susceptibles d'entraîner des réclamations
- suppression d'un tatouage numérique
- rotation 90/180/270° indispensable ou petites corrections par rotation d'images qui ne sont pas bien alignées verticalement
- recadrages mineurs
- corrections de diagrammes, cartes ou de graphiques, si une version plus précise est disponible
- correction d'erreurs SVG
- ajout ou correction de traductions, correction de fautes d'orthographe (par exemple, changer "informatoin" en "information")
et autres actions du même genre du moment que la composition principale n'est pas altérée. Ceci peut inclure un léger recadrage, par exemple pour éliminer des bordures ajoutées récemment (n'écrasez pas un fichier contenant une image historique avec une nouvelle version qui en supprimerait des parties), mais des recadrages plus radicaux devraient normalement être importés sous un nouveau nom, comme page exemple "Nom de l'ancienne image (recadrée).jpg".
Correction of minor errors will usually be considered a minor improvement. However, the more extensive the correction, the more likely that it is better to upload the corrected version as a new file (to avoid possible disagreements about whether the correction is appropriate, and potentially an upload war), and if necessary nominate the old file for deletion.
Note: a file with image annotations will lose those annotations if the pixel dimensions change – see Help:Gadget-ImageAnnotator#Limitations. This is not a reason to split a file when making minor improvements, as the annotations can be re-entered.
Exceptions
If digital restoration work is being done on a historical document or artwork, the restoration (no matter how minor) should always be uploaded under a new filename from the original file, providing a link back to the source on which it was based in the new file's "other versions" field. The changes that were made should also be documented in sufficient detail to reproduce them, if possible. This is best practice for restorations, because it allows users and subsequent restorers to follow the chain of improvements and to make detailed comparison with the originals. (However, if a restoration already performed to a file, for example, missed a dust spot, it is not necessary to have a new file for each small change in the restoration). In some cases such original files are marked with {{Please-do-not-overwrite-original-files}}.
? Take care with files that have been awarded a special status like Commons Featured Picture (or the equivalent on another Wikimedia project) as the status applies to a particular file version. Featured Pictures, Quality Images and Valued Images will be identified on their file description pages using {{Assessments}}. (NB the special Commons status does not transfer to derivative files.) The image creator may make minor changes where they feel this would be uncontroversial wrt the promotional status (for example, removing dust spots or fixing a minor tilt). Potentially controversial changes should be discussed with members of the forum that promoted the image.
Files used in Wikimedia projects where the use requires the file to remain unchanged – which means no overwriting at all: not for updates, minor improvements, or error corrections. Comments (including pointing out errors, and pointing to other versions) may freely be made in the Commons file description, but the file itself should not be overwritten. If necessary, upload a new version as a separate file. Such files should be marked with {{Please-do-not-overwrite-permanent-version}}.
Controversial or contested changes. If another editor thinks that the change is not an improvement (even if the editor making the change deems it minor), the change can be reverted, and the new image should be uploaded under a new file name. See below.
Respecter les créateurs de contenu
The original image creator is often the best person to make edits. Since JPG is a lossy format, every edit to a JPG can deteriorate the image slightly; seemingly minor and "beneficial" edits such as changing white balance or adding noise reduction can actually do significant damage. Often the image creator has access to the RAW files from which to make a new version with whatever fix is required. This is always superior to editing the JPG. If it is a photograph, the image creator was there when the picture was taken so will be in a better position to judge whether colours and lighting are correct. Therefore it is strongly recommended that users wishing to make improvements to photographs first contact the creator, whether on Commons or elsewhere.
Versions non modifiées
Sometimes users uploading new files that have been edited (eg a photograph improved for colour, contrast, etc, compared to the raw photo) may wish to provide the original unedited version as well. Uploading these independently would needlessly clutter categories. The solution is to first upload the unedited version, and then shortly afterwards to upload the edited version over it, so that the unedited version is available in the file history. The unedited versions are not intended to be used independently, and should not be split out as separate files unless this is needed for a specific known use. Files using this approach should be labelled with {{Unedited version}}.
Note: overwriting unedited versions applies only shortly after upload of the unedited version, and only to the original uploader when uploading an improved version of the same file. In all other cases, the usual criteria about overwriting apply (is it minor improvement? etc). In addition, the usual rule about resolving disagreements applies: if another user feels it useful to split the file, it should be split.
Image secondaire
Sometimes users may wish to provide an image related to their upload, which might fall outside the Project scope as an independent file. Examples include images of labels related to the subject of the main image, or the reverse of a postcard as evidence of copyright status. The solution is to first upload the secondary image, and then shortly afterwards to upload the main image over it, so that the secondary image is available in the file history. The secondary images are not intended to be used independently, and should not be split out as separate files unless this is needed for a specific known use. Files using this approach should be labelled with {{secondary image}}. Note that secondary images are not exempt from the usual requirements of Commons:Licensing.
Note: overwriting secondary images applies only shortly after upload of the secondary image, and only to the original uploader. In all other cases, the usual criteria about overwriting apply (is it minor improvement? etc). In addition, the usual rule about resolving disagreements applies: if another user feels it useful to split the file, it should be split.
Files with current data
Be cautious about overwriting files with new versions reflecting new information, as in many cases this may not be what reusers want.
However, files may be identified to reusers as ones where information may be updated – these files can and should be overwritten to reflect new information as necessary. Identification may be by the filename, file description, or (most clearly) with the {{current}} template. A file named "File:Germany location map.svg" is expected to indicate the current boundaries, and is expected to be updated if, for example, the boundaries changed or errors were observed. On the other hand a file named "File:Germany, Federal Republic of location map October 1949 - November 1950.svg" is expected to be correct for that period and not reflect current boundaries.
DO NOT overwrite
Exceptions to the minor changes rule
- Exceptions to the "minor changes should be uploaded to the same file" rule (see above):
- Restauration numérique
- Files that have been awarded a special status like Commons Featured Picture, Commons Quality Image, or similar status on another Wikimedia project. Such files are marked with {{Assessments}}.
- Files used in Wikimedia projects where the use requires the file to remain unchanged
- Controversial or contested changes – see below.
- Removing parts of historical images.
- For instance, historical engravings often have a border, and text describing the image under the image. If it was part of the original composition, and you want to remove it for some use on Wikimedia sites, upload it as a new file. If there are annotations or markings in the image that weren't part of the original composition, these can be removed and placed into the {{information}} template, without a need to upload as a new image; for example, in the case of the Bundesarchive images, there is usually a call number and date of the photograph.
Modifications non-négligeables
- Changements radicaux (ex. Un recadrage prononcé)
- Changes that reflect different data (eg updating a map)
- unless the file is marked as updateable – i.e. identified to reusers as one where information may be updated, by the filename, description, or with the {{current}} template
- Completely unrelated files
- Different files on the same topic (such as a photo of a cow uploaded over another photo of a cow)
- Different files relating to the exact same object (e.g. a different photo of Michelangelo's David)
- Note: do not overwrite a file in order to delete it; follow the Commons:Deletion policy instead.
Changements controversés ou contestés
COM:UPLOADWAR
Changes to a file that are likely to be contested should be uploaded to a separate filename. Upload wars (a form of edit war in which contributors repeatedly upload different versions of a file in an effort to have their version be the visible one) are always undesirable. As with other forms of edit warring, users who engage in upload wars may be blocked from editing.
If another editor thinks that a change is not an improvement (even if the editor making the change thinks it minor), the change can be reverted. Once a change has been reverted, the new image should be uploaded under a new filename (unless the reverting editor explicitly or implicitly agrees to the contested change). This is true even if the change is necessary, in one editor's view, to avoid a copyright infringement: in this case, if agreement cannot be reached through discussion, the old file should be nominated for deletion.
The more known uses of a file there are (through transclusions on Wikimedia projects), the more cautious contributors should be in deciding whether a change qualifies as "minor". Widespread usage of a file makes it more likely that even small changes will be controversial. If in doubt, uploading as a separate file avoids potential surprises for reusers. In some cases, prior discussion with previous uploader(s) or in locations where the file is in use may help decide whether a planned change can be considered "minor".
Exemples
Minor improvements
See for example the version histories of
- File:Avestaforsen.jpg, which is essentially the same image, with several subtle corrections applied
- File:15th anniversary of Image Comics - seven founders.jpg, which has minor cleanup
- File:Chess Board.svg, which has always identical appearance but underwent several improvements of its coding
Minor improvements for textual elements include correcting spelling on a map's labels. By contrast, translating a map's labels from English to German is a major change, and should be uploaded as a separate file.
Substantial crop or un-crop
- Further information: Commons:Media for cleanup #Unnecessary borders
Whether a crop is "substantial" depends partly on the proportion of the image cropped, and partly on how much the excluded content affects the composition. File:Miyasaka Hakuryu II - Tigress with Two Cubs - Walters 71909.jpg is an image of a museum object on a grey background; cropping much closer to the object was considered a minor crop. On the other hand, the photograph below of Martin Scorsese was substantially cropped for a closeup on his face, and the result was put into a separate file; and the photograph below of a mountain was cropped to substantially recompose it.
Scorsese: Original image
Scorsese: Image cropped for closeup
Zizalga: Original image
Zizalga: Image cropped for recomposition
.jpg)
.crop.jpg)
When cropping a JPEG image, remember to always use lossless cropping.
- Example: This 1899 portrait of a young man with a fish by Wilhelm von Gloeden was uploaded in 2005 but then overwritten in 2010 by a full length un-cropped version. Though the intent was to restore the image to a better quality version, the overwrite proved highly controversial as it changed the context from a modest pose to a nude with potential erotic connotations. In some existing transclusions this change was unwanted and caused controversy. Uploading the higher quality image as a separate file would have avoided this.
Unedited versions
- Example: File:Homenagem ao Padre Fernando Augusto da Silva, Santo António, Funchal, 1927.jpg is an image from 1927, with the original unedited scan uploaded first, and then the improved version uploaded a minute later.
- Example: File:Periquitos - Psilopsiagon aymara.jpg is a cropped version of File:Psilopsiagon aymara -Capilla del Monte -four-8.jpg, and has the uncropped original version in the file history.
- Counter-example: File:Wounded Knee aftermath3.jpg is a digitally enhanced version of the unedited original File:Wounded Knee aftermath.jpg. During the restoration it was discovered that what was described as "debris" in the original were dead bodies. Though the restoration itself was non-controversial, overwriting the original with such an important change of context would be considered controversial, and for that reason alone the images should be kept as separate image pages.
Secondary images
- Example: File:Neapolitan Fisherboy.jpg is an image of a sculpture, and contains an image of the sculpture's label in the file history.
- Example: File:William Shatner Star Trek.JPG is a publicity photo of William Shatner as James Kirk from the television program Star Trek, and the oldest image in the file history is used to verify the public domain status.
Files with current data
Examples:
Controversial or contested changes
- Example: File:Kit body rmcf1213a.png had two upload wars over the content of a Real Madrid kit.
Version permanente
Une nouvelle photo utilisée sur Wikinews
Linking files
Attribution
Be sure to attribute the original author appropriately, and to apply a license compatible with the original file. You can use {{Derived from}} and {{derivative versions}} to link the files. More specific derivative templates are also available, including {{Image extracted}}, {{Retouched picture}}, and {{AttribSVG}}.
Using "other versions" field of Information template
The template {{Information}} has an |other versions parameter which you can use to link between different versions of a file. You can
- use the {{thumbnail}} or {{Other}} templates to show a small preview of the linked file
- use a <gallery> tag to show different versions (see meta:Help:Images and other uploaded files#Gallery)
- use an "other versions" template containing a gallery tag to link different versions (see Category:Other versions templates).
Link to a variable content
When you want to provide or use a stable link from the other projects for any image which is anticipated to be repeatedly updated, you have several ways to do it:
- Label the image page with the {{current}} template (see #Files with current data). The main disadvantage is that the old version cannot be directly linked if needed.
- Create a file redirect page under a fictive filename on Commons and use a link to this filename on the other projects. Change the redirect to each new version (inbound links from other projects need not to be updated). This means updating just one link instead of many. (Note the effect of overwriting or switching over can be delayed slightly through cache delay or can fail through software imperfection.) Example: link to File:Africa borders redirect on Wikipedia, and on Commons have File:Africa borders redirect point to File:Africa borders 2011, File:Africa borders 2012, etc as needed.
- Combine the two methods. Particular version can be uploaded (and linked) separately under their specific permanent filenames and a different filename can be marked with {{current}} version and overwritten ever by the current version. That means (just as the previous solution) that the current version is available under two filenames: one for the constant content and one for the updatable content. This solution should be more immune towards cache delay and software-update bugs than the previous one.
Warning: when doing one of these solutions, be sure that users of the filename are clear that the content of the file may change, and try to check uses of the file before updating the redirect or overwriting the file.
Notes
- ↑ Un fichier ne peut être écrasé que par des utilisateurs ayant un compte depuis plus de 4 jours ; le remplacement s'effectue à partir de la commande
Importer une nouvelle version de ce fichiersous le panneau historique du fichier dans la page de description du fichier ; ou via Importer un fichier. Importer un fichier affiche deux messages d'avertissement lorsque l'on écrase un fichier existant : MediaWiki:UploadFormPreviewOverwriteError et MediaWiki:Fileexists (voir également Bugzilla:39344). L' Assistant d'import n'autorise pas l'écrasement de fichiers.
Voir aussi
- Ask a user not to overwrite files: To request that another editor not overwrite an existing file, you may place {{Dont overwrite}} on the user's talk page. This request is automatically translated into many languages.
- Label a file not to be overwritten: {{Please-do-not-overwrite-original-files}} may be used on file pages to designate files that should not be overwritten.
- Request a file split: You can request a split up of file history by adding {{Split}} on the file page. This places the file in Category:Media requiring a split up. See also Commons:History merging and splitting.
- Image formatting templates may save having to create a new file version. For example, temporary or illustrative crops may be created using {{Preview Crop}} rather than creating a new derived image or overwriting an existing image. Images may be overlaid without having to create new derivatives by using the {{Superimpose}} template.
- Commons: Database stat reports: Top 200 users with the most "overwrite" entries.
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