Yes you can, but you might have to add your own larger motor controllers depending on the size of your motors.
The motor controllers on the main board are only capable of handling up to 8A of continuous current, so if you are using the on-board controllers you will be limited to that.
All the motor controller pins (Enable, PWM, A and B) are available on solder pads for your own customization.
You can then easily connect a larger H-bridge motor controller (many Amps) and use any DC motor you like.